Brake shoe and method of assembling same



July 7, 1953 J. R. GLAZEBROOK ETAL BRAKE SHOE AND METHOD 0F ASSEMBLING SAME Filed July 2, 1946 INVENTORS I. j ..l 470: @PM/m ew. A 2W MB Patented July 7, 1953 BRAKE 'sHoE'AND METHoD'oF A"ASSEMBLING SAME James R. Glazebrook, New York, N. Y., and Alexander T. Wille, Waukegan, Ill., assignors toY l 'Johns-Manville Corporation, New York, N. Y., a.

corporation of New York applicati@ July 2, 1946, serial' No. 680,986

' The instant invention relates to brakemechanisrn's and, more particularly, to an improved friction lining or facing --and mounting therefor which Will allow a greater percentage of the material of the lining to be utilized than is the of the prior proposals. case in conventional practice. Although the v Another object ofthe invention is the provision following description and claims refer only to of an improved mounting adopted to accommobrake lining it will be understood that this date friction linings of conventinal type and term is to be construed vin a broader sense to used in conjunction with conventional shoes. include friction linings or facings Where used A further Object 0f the inVeniiOn iS the pIO- for other purposes, such as in clutches and the vision of a mounting employing a combination like. of the mechanical and adhesive lining-securing The common, internal' expanding brake as used systems of the prior art..Y 1 on modern automobiles, buses and trucks em- A'still further object of the invention is the ploys a brake shoe mounted Within a brake drum, provision of a mounting of the type referred to the shoe having an arcuate lining-receiving surin which an adhesively secured section is autoface of a smaller radius than the braking surmatically held against the shoe during curing face of the drum, the difference in radii being or setting of the adhesive. equal to the thickness of the lining or brake block A still further object of the yinvention-is the carried by the shoe. The lining is secured to the provision of a lining as described above including shoe by rivets or bolts located at spaced intermeans to definitely indicate when the lining is. vals and countersunk into the lining. Due to Worn beyond a safe lmit. the construction and arrangement of the shoe, Our invention Will be more fully understood the central section of the shoe approaches t-he and further objects and advantages thereof will drum, as the lining Wears away, at a faster rate become apparent When reference is made to the than the remainder, and the rivet or bolt heads more detailed description of a preferred embodi in this section arereached and the lining is Worn ment of the invention which is to follow and to out While there is still substantial thicknesses t'he accompanying drawing in which: of othervviseutilizable lining material above the -K Fig.v 1 is a side elevational view of a lined brake heads of therivets or bolts adjacent the endsof shoe in accordance With the invention; the lining.- j 1 Fig. 2 is a plan view of the brake shoe of Fig. l; Attempts haveheretofore been made to'over- Fig. 3 is av View similar to Eig. 1 illustrating come this Wastage of the lining material by' the condition of the lining when Worn; and, Y redesigning the brake touse tapered linings hav- Fig. 4 is a sectional view, on an enlargedscale, ing a maximum thickness at approximately the taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1 and illustrating central section Where the greatest Wear occurs, one feature of the invention. and a minimum thickness at the ends. Hotv- Referring noW to the drawings, thereis shown ever, such constructions require a complete re-` a shoe It of generally the conventional type design of thebrake which is undesirable, particuemployed in an internally expanding brake, the larly with respect to the relining of existing 40 shoe carrying a lining l2 adapted for frictional brakes. It has also been proposed to secure engagement against t-he internal braking surface linings of a conventional, uniform thickness to of a drum I4 indicated in dotted lines. The the shoes solely by an adhesive, thus permitting' shoe shown for purposes of illustration is of thelining to be worndovvn Substantially "D0 the' thelmore conventional, fixed anchor type which shoe at the point 0f greatest Wearfto increase 45' swings around apivotl, but it Will be understood`- the wear capacity 0f the lining. ,This System" that tneinvention' 'is equally applicableto other requires SpeCial equipment. OI the `e'bpplieefion brake shoe ymountings. Interposed between the of the heat and/or pressure necessary t0 pro'- shoe anddrum is the brake lining orblock Vl2 Vide JEhe SI'Ong bend between the ShOe and lining 0f uniform thickness throughout. The mounted y needed to withstand the' load applied. Such 50 lining has an inner radius of curvature approxiequipment is not available tothejaverage repair mately equalvtor theradius of curvature ofl the shop and, hence, the commercial utility of this shoe, vvvhereby zit" conforms to and lies closely proposal is limitedf against theshoe throughout, and `an outer radius The principal object o'f .the instant invention of 'curvature Vequal to the 'radius' of curvature of isthprovision of an improvedlining and mountthe drum. Lining l2 is preferably of relatively s claims. (c1. isc-234) ing therefor which permits the lining to be substantially completely Worn out at the location of greatest wear before it must be discarded, but

VWhich avoids the disadvantages inherent in both stiff but resilient construction and suitably is formed by a molding, sheeting, extruding or pro- Vle calendering operation. V'I'he lining may be provided with shouldered apertures I8 located-v only adjacent the ends of the block, to, leave an imperforate intermediate or eentrzilsection 20. The ends of the lining are secured tothe shoe by headed fasteners 2.4., .comprising bolts',`

rivets or the' like, which extendy through"apen- V tures IB and into aligned "apertures 25in'the shoe.

ing.

At least the intermediate or central section is secured to the shoe by an adhesive 2-6, the

' adhesive layer preferably alsoV extendingy tofthej The fasteners may be arranged in any Y suitable pattern in the end portiggvrisgoital-ie;lin;

ends of. the lining (see. Figs. 1 and; 2),. This, ad-V hesive may be of any. suitableY type` which will provideY :a strongA bond between the'. 'Shoel andthe lining to cooperate with the fasteners. and prevent. separation` of the lining, from thek shoe underY severe, service, conditions. Arlarge nurnber. of kknown adhesives are suitable for this purpose, the adhesives having the` desired qual-L: itiesI being lparticularly of the thermof-setting type which setup` orv cure, to their ultimate strength. yat relatively, low, temperatures. Ex amples are styrene derivative resins andphenolformaldehyde resins, such* as- Bakelite resins. In applicationl the, resins may. be employedwith a suitable thinner such, as alcohol. VIt will be understood that the invention is not limited; to;

any particular one of the known adhesives.v

In mounting the lining on the shoethe adhesive` is preferably rst. applied either e to the shoe or to the inner surface of the lining, or. to both, at least at the location intermediatethe fastener apertures and preferably for the y.full length of, the, lining, andthe lining then placed onv the shoe. Theheadedgfastenersare insert ed in, the apertures I 8,W .ith theinshanlfis ex.- tending throuehy the, aligned' apertures 25;A in.A the` shoe, and drawn down, tightly; tobringV the heads offthe fasteners against. the shouldered?, nand the lining into contiguousYrelatiorish'ip to. the. Shoe. The aetion. Qi, the fasten@ in .maintainingf Contact 0f the lining-with the. s'lieethrouiahout the. lengthV 'of nieuwe. iellldffmfehe inf termedate. pQrtQnl ellablsfhedlevl0 effect aY iirm bond between thelihing and shoe irrespective of the lengthbi time required for' the curing, or settingjactionoto 'take place. The constructionv thusinheren'tly servesv as a press tov maintain the Vadlfiesively treated Aportion of the lining against.. the shoe. and eliminates' the' need ,of theV specialfpresses and 'other equip-o,

have beenused. o Y

In'order, tfi'nsurefthe rmcontja'ct 'or the insho during the radius. ofrcurvatureofthe shoe. When the liningis placed in position andthe ends pulled downl into contractA with. the. shoe, vther central section willf be pressedfrmly against the shoe by the inherent. resiliencyf'ffthe lining, th.e ,'Pr

4, theiroperation)V of the brake serves to bring the dining/arid shoe to the elevated temperatures required for such faction to take place. That is, the vfriet-,ianal.cz'mtact,of the lining against the rotating drum in.. use will raise the temperature ofthel-iniigfand: `shoe t0, say, 250 to 300 F. which is -'suincientfor the purpose with adhesiveeeigtre ivraaferred t0 Another feature of the invention resides in the inclusion of means for positively notifying the user. when the band is worn vbeyond a safe limit, this.V being.Y ofv particular importance. inthe instant construction, as, complete wearing awayV of the bandin the intermediate portion might well cause f ailuresof: .the brake.` Forlthis pur-- pose the lining. is made., of-twolayers (see par. ticularly Fig. 4) including an outer-wearing surf. facelayer` 30;c anda backing layer 32; suitably; ing, tegrallv joined duringthsimoldine 'oieration Ilritn-r materia-lf -comrositiens are .ordinarily off re1ative1r-darkco1ors 511,611 as. dark grav 0r brown, depending urenY the. paniquer rar/ ,matriale used. However, these may be modified by the( addition o-fpigments. Qrdyes.- In. @tendance with. the instant. feailire; the Gerne@,SltorlY form. ing either the Surfelleiotihe backinslayer hasa color medium added( to it toprovide a definite, color,contrastwiththe Other-lev?! 'Anv'f Suitable pigment Qrdyemey be. used for this purpese The.. :Galeries materiel, isj ilioroehlyf! incorporated with the @mr-estiva, If-Yfnlx`` trusion process is usedV the two `differently col- @red` cem-poetichemafy. be seperately extruded andthenembredf. @whe ether hehd'th tiiio differently, .www1 cemresitorisjiav te ap'pnea successively in the vsheeterprocessland the uni.V Inasmufch" ajsmthefcolor.

, f .nt rmlite me fag; tenere and VO Iwie.- there denne: an-Aarc ofA subst ntia'ytlie. same radius.

@negarse anyVV nt it`` wil/10b oximatelycentrally of-A theintermediateportio 'f 'thefliningl I nthel Yuse ofa bralgeiincorpora ng the featuresV of, the.. instant investiga-tre wearsdown, the greatest wear, occu ring 'in the,` inpgrmeiiatevpninsfwne e theariie fastener heads.- Whenl the band 'is worn, to .its minimum" safe thicknessat suchintermediatefprioii, sughi n greatestl wear gradually has been expended. The invention thus elimi-V nates much of the waste inherent in conventional brake constructions but, at the same tima-neither requires redesign of the brake system, nor the use of special equipment or tools. Although the description has been directed to the use of the invention on internally expanding brakes, it will be appreciated that it may also be employed on externally contracting brakes Without modification, except for the design of the band or shoe itself.

Having thus described our invention in rather full detail, it Will be understood that these details need not be strictly adhered to but that various changes and modications will suggest themselves to oneV skilled in the art, all falling Within the scope of the invention as dened by the subjoined claims.

What We claim is:

l. A brake slice for cooperation with a brake drum, a friction lining for said shoe covering substantially the entire arcuate length of the shoe and mounted thereon, headed fasteners located only adjacent the ends of the lining and countersunk therein securing said lining to said shoe adjacent the ends thereof, and adhesive means fiXedly securing the portion of the lining to said shoe intermediate the ends of the lining.

2, A brake shoe for cooperation with a'brake drum, said shoe having a curved surface of a radius of curvature smaller than that of the drum, and a friction lining therefor, said lining when mounted on said shoe having an outer surface of a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the drum, and an inner surface of a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the shoe, headed fasteners located only adjacent the ends of the lining and countersunk therein for securing said lining to said shoe, and adhesive means for fixedly securing a portion of the lining intermediate said ends to said shoe.

3; A brake shoe for cooperation with a brake drum, said shoe having a curved surface of a radius of curvature smaller than` that of the drum, and a friction lining therefor, said lining when mounted on said shoe having an outer surface of a radius of curvature substantially equal to that of the drum, and an inner surface of a radius of curvature substantially equal to that of the shoe, headed fasteners located only adjacent the ends of the lining and countersunk therein for securing said lining to said shoe, and adhesive means xedly securing a portion of the lining intermediate said ends to said shoe, the heads of said fasteners and a point Within said lining intermediate the ends thereof and in the zone of minimum thickness of the lining defining an arc having a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of said drum.

4. A brake shoe for cooperation with a brake drum, a friction lining for said shoe and mounted thereon, said lining having a Wearing surface layer and a relatively thin backing layer, each layer having a distinctly different color as contrasted to the color of the other layer, headed fasteners located only adjacent the ends of the lining and countersunk therein securingthe 1ining to the shoe adjacent the ends thereof, and adhesive means xedly securing the lining to the shoe intermediate the ends of the lining.

5. A brake shoe for cooperation with a brake drum, a resilient friction lining for said shoe and mounted thereon, said lining having a radius of Number Name f t Date 1,682,319 Bluhm Aug. 28, 1928 1,686,189 Thompson Oct. 2, 1928 1,891,723 Novak May 17, 1930 1,890,735 Lake Dec. 13, 1932 1,891,723 Novak Dec. 20, 1932 1,932,919 Abert etal Oct. 31, 1933 2,080,314 Hoof May 11, 1937 2,087,453 Steder July 20, 1937 2,136,585 Bruce Nov. 15, 1938 2,218,680 Kempel Oct. 22, 1940 2,398,006 Hunt Apr. 9, 1946 curvature when unmounted which is greater than that of the shoe, headed fasteners located only adjacent the ends of the lining and ccuntersunk therein securing the ends of the lining against the shoe, and adhesive means lcetvveen the shoe and lining at a vlocation intermediate the ends of the lining xedly securing the liner to the shoe.

6. A brake shoe for cooperation with a brake drum, said shoe having a curved surface of a radius of curvature smaller than that of the drum and a friction lining mounted on said shoe, said lining having a Wearing surface layer and a relatively thin backing layer, each layer having a distinctly different color as contrasted to the color of the other layer, the lining when mounted on the shoe having an outer surface of a radius of curvature substantially equal to that of the drum and an inner surface of a radius of curvature substantially equal to that of the shoe, headed fasteners located only adjacent the ends of the lining and countersunk therein for securing said lining to the shoe and adhesive means flxedly securing the lining to the shoe intermediate the ends of the lining, the heads of `said fasteners and a point on the outer surface of said backing layer and intermediate said ends defining an arc having a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the drum.

7. The method of assembling on a shoe a friction lining having shouldered apertures adjacent the ends thereof and an intermediate im- :erforate portion. the lining when unassembled having an inner radius of curvature greater than the outer radius of curvature of the shoe, said method comprising applying an adhesive between said intermediate portion of the lining and the shoe, bending the lining to conform to the shoe after said adhesive has been applied, and securing the ends of the lining against the shoe by headed fasteners extending through said apertures and into the shoe.

8. The method of assembling on a shoe a friction lining having shouldered apertures adjacent the ends thereof and an intermediate imperforate portion, the lining when unassembled having an inner radius greater than the outer radius of curvature of the shoe, said method cornprising applying a heat-setting adhesive between said intermediate portion of the lining and the shoe, bending the lining to conform tothe' shoe after said adhesive has been applied, and securing the ends of the lining against the shoe by headed fasteners extending through said apertures and into the shoe.

JAMES R. GLAZECBROGK. ALEXANDER T. WILLE.

References cited in the nie of this patent UNITED sTATEs PATENTS 

